The Pattern Alphabet: patternABC

The pattern alphabet is all around us.

The Pattern Alphabet icons are based on the laws of space and physics, at micro and macro scales, including nature’s core patterns in growth, geometry, and symmetry.

patternABC as a set is the first spatial alphabet, of universal, language-agnostic visual representations of pattern classes and models. It provides a common visual language for humans, including young pre-verbal children, to recognize and communicate what they see in the naturally grown or human-built world around them.

True to spatial communication, gesture is the “spoken/sign” language of patternABC, enabling communication across different spoken languages. Drawing is the “written” form, as opposed to writing the pattern names.

The patternABC was introduced in April 2016 at RISD Design Science and days later at MIT Sandbox Summit at the MIT Media Lab.

The patternABC is the core working group of patterns found in nature at every scale, and grouped into 4 rows — growth, geometry, symmetry, and building blocks. The first iteration was 2015, and today there are 32 visual icons and several more under consideration.

There are many related topics you can explore, and we have provided external links to our partners, research, and projects. Each hyperlink will take you directly to the topic.

Motion ABC

The Motion ABC covers the basic motions and positions a baby discovers. Babies learn basic physics, concepts of space, time, and motion during the 0-12-month period. These concepts, by chance, line up with the paper on  “Three-Year-Olds’ Spatial Language Comprehension and Links With Mathematics and Spatial Performance” from Bower et al 2020. 14 spatial relations were assessed: under, above, between, up, in, on, down, behind, below, middle, in front of, next to, on top of, and upside down, 10 of which are in the Motion ABC.

Spatial: explore how we move and change

The spatial transformations bring the core 2D pattern arrangements from Peter Stevens up to 3D and the actions in 2D computer programs from graphics, photos, and video as well as 3D programs like CAD.

Bio*Icons

Periodic table for Biology (Zoological and Botanical) aka Bio*Icons ©2011-2026 Imagine creating a formula for an animal, like a fox, as easily as NaCl for table salt. Biology is our earliest link to the natural world around us and children can use the Bio*Icons as early as four years old, and let their curiosity about animal features run wild. They will see patterns and make connections with this table of icons resembling the Periodic Table of Elements, color coded in categories.

How these systems work together

When you match up the Bio*Icons and the patternABC, you can see trends. For example, both plants and animals have bilaterally symmetrical and radially symmetrical organisms.
Additionally, you can see that Vertebrates have bilaterally symmetrical organisms, whether live-born or egg-born, a function of a body plan based on a central spine. However, Invertebrates are all egg-born, and that includes radially symmetrical organisms as well as bilaterally symmetrical.
Here’s a screenshot of our app, Ferret (not currently live), showing how to create a formula for a wolf using the Bio*Icons. Wolf = vertebrate + hairy + 4-legged + quadrupedal + carnivorous + warm-blooded + live-born.

Simple Machines

A linear lever can be hung from above, or rest on a triangular fulcrum, with an up and down motion.
A pulley has a round wheel over which a line, rope, curves. The rope goes up and down when the wheel spins.